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The principle of virtual work states that if a body is in static and dynamic equilibrium, then the sum of all the virtual work done by all external forces and couple moments for any given virtual displacement must be zero.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Definite integrals involving the product of two functions over a fixed interval can be evaluated using integration by parts. This method rewrites the integral as the difference of a product evaluated at the endpoints and a remaining definite integral that is often simpler to compute.A representative example is the definite integral of the inverse tangent function. Since there is no direct integration formula for arctan ⁡x, the integrand is rewritten as a product of arctan⁡ x and the...
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Leveraging Virtual Reality for Immersive Segmentation and Analysis of Cryo-Electron Tomography Data
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BioVR: a platform for virtual reality assisted biological data integration and visualization.

Jimmy F Zhang1, Alex R Paciorkowski2, Paul A Craig3

  • 1Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, One Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA. jfz8009@rit.edu.

BMC Bioinformatics
|February 16, 2019
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Summary

BioVR is a virtual reality platform that visualizes DNA, RNA, and protein sequences with structures. This tool helps researchers assess the functional impact of genetic variations like single nucleotide variants (SNVs).

Keywords:
Data visualizationGRIA2User InterfaceVirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Functional characterization of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) traditionally involves DNA-to-protein conversion and subsequent visualization.
  • The increasing volume of genomic data necessitates more effective methods for assessing the impact of SNVs on protein function.
  • Direct visualization of SNVs with associated protein sequences and structures in a novel user interface is proposed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an integrated platform for the visual analysis of biological data.
  • To create an intuitive virtual reality (VR)-assisted tool for exploring DNA, RNA, and protein sequences alongside protein structures.

Main Methods:

  • Developed BioVR, an interactive VR-assisted platform using Unity3D and C#.
  • Integrated Oculus Rift and Leap Motion for intuitive navigation and data exploration.
  • Demonstrated proof-of-concept using the Gria2 gene and its protein product.

Main Results:

  • BioVR enables integrated visual analysis of DNA/RNA/protein sequences and protein structures.
  • The platform provides intuitive navigation and exploration of biological data via VR.
  • Specific amino acids or nucleotides can be rapidly linked to their corresponding locations on protein structures within the VR environment.

Conclusions:

  • A VR-based platform utilizing 3D techniques has been developed for visualizing DNA/RNA sequences and protein structures.
  • The platform offers an integrated approach to analyzing biological data.
  • The system has the potential for extension to visualize omics data.