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    A novel low-index polylactic acid metagrating achieves high-efficiency, large-angle anomalous reflection at 140 GHz. This breakthrough enables efficient beam steering into the second diffraction order, surpassing conventional designs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metamaterials
    • Electromagnetics
    • Optics

    Background:

    • Metagratings offer unique light manipulation capabilities.
    • Achieving high-efficiency anomalous reflection at large angles remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design a low-index metagrating for high-efficiency, large-angle anomalous reflection at 140 GHz.
    • To overcome limitations of conventional designs by utilizing the second diffraction order.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a polylactic acid metagrating with optimized 4π phase supercells.
    • Engineering Bloch mode interactions and couplings for efficient beam deflection.
    • Analysis of reflection efficiency and bandwidth under normal excitation.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved efficiencies of 0.82 for 70° and 80° reflection angles.
    • Demonstrated wide bandwidth performance.
    • Exceeded efficiencies of conventional designs (typically < 0.2).

    Conclusions:

    • The second-order low-index metagrating enables efficient large-angle deflection.
    • The design leverages engineered mode interactions for high performance.
    • Potential for 3D printing and applications in flat lenses and expanded metadevices.