Rapid Growth of TiO₂ Nanoflowers via Low-Temperature Solution Process: Photovoltaic and Sensing Applications
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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices
Published on: July 8, 2016
M Shaheer Akhtar1, Ahmad Umar2, Swati Sood3
1New and Renewable Energy Material Development Center (NewREC), Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 54896, Korea. ahmadumar786@gmail.com.
Abstract:
This paper reports the rapid synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic and sensing applications of TiO₂ nanoflowers prepared by a facile low-temperature solution process. The morphological characterizations clearly reveal the high-density growth of a three-dimensional flower-shaped structure composed of small petal-like rods. The detailed properties confirmed that the synthesized nanoflowers exhibited high crystallinity with anatase phase and possessed an energy bandgap of 3.2 eV. The synthesized TiO₂ nanoflowers were utilized as photo-anode and electron-mediating materials to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and liquid nitroaniline sensor applications. The fabricated DSSC demonstrated a moderate conversion efficiency of ~3.64% with a maximum incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) of ~41% at 540 nm. The fabricated liquid nitroaniline sensor demonstrated a good sensitivity of ~268.9 μA mM-1 cm-2 with a low detection limit of 1.05 mM in a short response time of 10 s.
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