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Lipid control and associated risk factors, before suffering from the first cardiovascular event
Pilar Ángeles Oriol Torón1, Teresa Badía Farré1, Amparo Romaguera Lliso2
1Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, ABS Martorell, SAP Alt Penedès-Garraf-Baix Llobregat Nord, DAP Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España.
Insights
Lipid control before first cardiovascular events was assessed in primary care. While many patients had suboptimal levels, most fell within specific LDL, HDL, and triglyceride ranges, indicating room for improved prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Primary Care Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
- Effective lipid management in primary care is crucial for preventing first-time cardiovascular events.
- Understanding lipid profiles prior to ischemic events informs preventative strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the degree of lipid control in patients before their first cardiovascular accident.
- To analyze the distribution of cardiovascular events based on lipid control intervals (LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides).
Main Methods:
- A multicentric, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted.
- Data from 379 adult patients experiencing their first cardiac or cerebral ischemic attack in 2013 were analyzed.
- Variables included demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides).
Main Results:
- The study included 379 patients (54.4% male), with similar rates of heart attack (52%) and stroke (48%).
- Prevalent risk factors included hypertension (56.5%), dyslipidemia (50.9%), and diabetes (29.8%).
- Most cases fell within LDL-cholesterol <100-159 mg/dL (88%), HDL-cholesterol ≥40/50 mg/dL (72.8%), and triglycerides <150 mg/dL (71.3%).
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular and cerebral events occurred with similar frequency, with a slightly higher median age at diagnosis for stroke.
- Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity are prevalent risk factors, highlighting the need for improved primary prevention.
- The majority of patients presented with lipid levels within defined ranges, suggesting potential for optimizing management strategies.
Objective:
To ascertain the degree of lipidic control before the first cardiovascular accident in population attended during 2013 at Primary Care. To analyze the distribution of these events depending on control intervals of cholesterol LDL (LDL-chol), cholesterol HDL (HDL-chol) and triglycerides (TG).
Method:
A multicentric cross-sectional, descriptive study on above 18-year-old people attended at the centres of the Primari Care Service (PCS) Baix Llobregat Nord, who had suffered a first cardiac or cerebral ischemic attack from 01/01/2013 to 31/12/2013. Variables collected included age,sex, smoking, high blood preassure,diabetes, dyslipidemia (DLP), obesity, total cholesterol (chol-tot), LDL-chol, HDL-chol, TG, systolic and diastolic blood preassure (SBP,DBP), IMC, HbA1c, atherogenic indices, REGICOR, drugs.
Results:
379 affected people, among them 197 (52%) heart attack and 182 (48%) stroke (ictus). Two hundred and twenty-five (54.4%) males, diagnosis median age 68.9 years (DS 13.7), 71.2 (DS 14.4) in CV (p: .001). High blood preassure 214 (56.5%), diabetes 113 (29.8%), DLP 193 (50.9%). Cases in LDL<100-159: 88%, HDL≥40/50: 72.8%, TG<150: 71.3%. chol-tot average: 198.3 mg/dl (DS 40.2), LDL-chol:121 (DS 33.8), LDL-chol<130:170 (58.6%). HDL-chol average: 52.5 mg/dl (DS 15.4) and TG: 130.9 mg/dl (DS 73.2) (CI:139.5 [DS 84.2] vs. CV: 120.9 [DS 55.9] [p: .003]). Optimal chol-tot/HDL-chol 67%, optimal TG/HDL-chol 39.8%. CI:optimal chol-tot/HDL-chol male vs. female: 51.2% vs. 76.9% (p: .002); optimal TG/HDL-chol male vs. female: 28% vs. 53.8% (p: .004).
Conclusions:
The quantity of events was similar in both cardiac and cerebral territories, whereas the median age in the diagnosis was a little higher in CV. High blood preassure, DLP and obesity are the most prevalent FRCV, and its control at primary prevention is improvable. Most of the cases were grouped in the LDL lipid ranges <100-159mg/dl, HDL ≥ 40/50mg/dl and TG <150mg/dl.
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