Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026
07:25
A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
13.7K
Patient-reported outcomes following enzalutamide or placebo in men with non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate
Bertrand Tombal1, Fred Saad2, David Penson3
1Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
The Lancet. Oncology
|February 17, 2019
Summary
Enzalutamide improved metastasis-free survival in patients with non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. The drug delayed pain progression and symptom worsening, maintaining quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Clinical Trials
- Patient-Reported Outcomes
Background:
- The PROSPER trial investigated enzalutamide for non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC).
- Previous findings demonstrated enzalutamide's efficacy in improving metastasis-free survival.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from the PROSPER trial.
- To assess the impact of enzalutamide on pain, quality of life, and symptoms in nmCRPC patients.
Main Methods:
- Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (PROSPER).
- 1401 nmCRPC patients received enzalutamide or placebo.
- PROs assessed using validated questionnaires (BPI-SF, EORTC QLQ-PR25, EQ-5D, FACT-P) at multiple time points.
Main Results:
- Enzalutamide significantly delayed time to clinically meaningful pain progression, urinary and bowel symptom worsening.
- Patients on enzalutamide reported better health-related quality of life and emotional wellbeing.
- No significant differences in most PRO scores, but trends favored enzalutamide for some aspects.
Conclusions:
- Enzalutamide demonstrates a clinical benefit in nmCRPC by delaying disease progression and symptom burden.
- The findings support enzalutamide as a treatment option for high-risk nmCRPC patients.
- PROs provide crucial insights into the patient experience with enzalutamide treatment.
Related Concept Videos
02:07Blind Procedures
13.4K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
13.4K
01:54The Placebo Effect
6.8K
The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
6.8K
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.7K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.7K
01:11Blinding
3.9K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
3.9K
02:53Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
6.8K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.8K
01:24Data Reporting and Recording
5.4K
Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
5.4K