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Altered neural odometry in the vertical dimension
Giulio Casali1, Daniel Bush2,3, Kate Jeffery4
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
Summary
Entorhinal grid cells create a spatial map, but their orientation and scale change depending on body position. This suggests the brain integrates self-motion and gravity cues to form cognitive maps.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Spatial Navigation
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Entorhinal grid cells provide a spatial metric crucial for cognitive map formation.
- The configuration of this spatial metric in 3D space remains an open question.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how the body's orientation influences the spatial organization of entorhinal grid cell firing fields.
- To understand the integration of egocentric and allocentric cues in spatial representation.
Main Methods:
- Recorded entorhinal grid cell activity in rats climbing a vertical surface.
- Analyzed firing field characteristics (shape, size, density) and physiological indices of running speed.
Main Results:
- Grid cells formed stable, circular firing fields on a vertical surface, unlike horizontal exploration.
- Fields were larger and sparser, suggesting altered odometric processing and reduced running speed gain.
- Hippocampal place fields remained unchanged in size and shape but were sparser.
Conclusions:
- The body plane (egocentric) and gravity axis (allocentric) interact to orient and scale the grid cell map.
- Spatial maps are anisotropic, with different properties on vertical versus horizontal surfaces.
- Sensory and locomotor information availability on vertical surfaces impacts spatial representation.
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