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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Quantum experiments and graphs II: Quantum interference, computation, and state generation.

Xuemei Gu1,2, Manuel Erhard3,4, Anton Zeilinger1,4

  • 1Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; anton.zeilinger@univie.ac.at xmgu@smail.nju.edu.cn mario.krenn@univie.ac.at.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce a graph theory approach for photonic quantum experiments, revealing a new multiphoton interference phenomenon. This method highlights the computational complexity of quantum experiments and offers insights into photonic quantum state generation.

Keywords:
graph theorylinear opticsmultiphoton quantum interferencequantum entanglementquantum experiments

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Graph Theory
  • Computational Complexity

Background:

  • Photonic quantum experiments are complex to describe.
  • Graph theory offers a potential framework for understanding quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a graph theory-based approach for describing photonic quantum experiments.
  • To identify new quantum phenomena and computational challenges.
  • To provide insights into photonic quantum state generation.

Main Methods:

  • Representing quantum states as coherent superpositions of perfect matchings in graphs.
  • Introducing complex weights to graphs to model quantum interference.
  • Analyzing the computational complexity (#P-hard) of calculating experimental outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Identification of an unexplored multiphoton interference phenomenon.
  • Demonstration that computing experimental results is #P-hard, involving the Permanent and Hafnian matrix functions.
  • Explanation of a no-go result's applicability to linear optical quantum experiments.
  • Graphical representation of quantum protocols like entanglement swapping.

Conclusions:

  • A novel bridge between graph theory and quantum experiments is established.
  • This approach offers new perspectives on photonic quantum technologies.
  • The findings open avenues for future research in quantum information science.