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Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle01:14

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
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Carbon sequestration during core formation implied by complex carbon polymerization.

Natalia V Solomatova1, Razvan Caracas2, Craig E Manning3

  • 1Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5276, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France. nsolomat@gmail.com.

Nature Communications
|February 17, 2019
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This summary is machine-generated.

Carbon in early Earth

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry and Planetary Science
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Estimates of Earth's deep carbon budget are uncertain due to unknown carbon storage in deep reservoirs.
  • Understanding carbon speciation in the early Earth's molten state is crucial for deep carbon cycle quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the speciation and evolution of carbon in a molten pyrolite system under varying pressures.
  • To identify potential carbon reservoirs in the early Earth's magma ocean and core.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized first-principles molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Simulated carbon species behavior in a pyrolite melt across a range of pressures.

Main Results:

  • Increasing pressure transforms carbon species from CO2 and CO3 to CO4 and complex oxo-carbon polymers (CxOy).
  • Polymerized oxo-carbon species likely formed significant carbon reservoirs in the terrestrial magma ocean.
  • Observed Fe-C clusters indicate potential carbon partitioning into the core via Fe-rich metal segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Early Earth's magma ocean likely contained polymerized carbon species.
  • Carbon transport to the core may have occurred through partitioning into segregating iron-rich metal.