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Intestinal barrier dysfunction following traumatic brain injury.

Pengfei Pan1, Yunlin Song1, Xinxin Du1

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to intestinal barrier dysfunction due to increased intestinal permeability. This review clarifies TBI-induced gut issues and explores protective strategies.

Keywords:
Intestinal barrier dysfunctionMultiple organ dysfunction syndromeTraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Trauma Research

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can trigger non-neurological complications, notably affecting the intestine.
  • Intestinal barrier dysfunction, characterized by paracellular hyperpermeability, is increasingly recognized as a consequence of TBI.
  • Factors like ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and malnutrition contribute to this dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction post-TBI.
  • To review potential interventions for mitigating or preventing TBI-induced intestinal damage.
  • To consolidate current knowledge and identify research gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating TBI and its effects on the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Analysis of established and emerging mechanisms of intestinal barrier disruption.
  • Synthesis of findings on therapeutic strategies for TBI-related intestinal injury.

Main Results:

  • Paracellular hyperpermeability is a key feature of TBI-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
  • Multiple pathways, including inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion, mediate this effect.
  • Limited but promising interventions exist, though further research is needed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding TBI's impact on intestinal barrier function is crucial for comprehensive patient care.
  • Targeting mechanisms like inflammation and permeability may offer therapeutic benefits.
  • Further investigation into protective strategies is warranted to improve TBI recovery.