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Cough in exercise and athletes.

Louis-Philippe Boulet1, Julie Turmel1

  • 1Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Canada.

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PubMed
Summary

Cough is common in athletes, often triggered by exercise. While asthma and upper airway issues are frequent causes, more research is needed on exercise-induced cough in athletes.

Keywords:
Airway hyperresponsivenessAthletesCoughExerciseExercise-induced asthmaExercise-induced bronchoconstriction

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Cough is a common symptom in the general population, especially those with asthma.
  • Athletes frequently experience exercise-induced cough, with conditions like asthma, airway hyperresponsiveness, and upper airway disorders being prevalent.
  • High ventilation rates and heat exchange during exercise, particularly in cold, dry air or polluted environments, can contribute to cough in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and potential impacts of cough in athletes.
  • To highlight the differences and similarities in cough etiologies between athletes and the general population.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into exercise-induced persistent cough in athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on cough in athletes.
  • Analysis of common etiologies including asthma, rhinitis, and laryngeal obstruction.
  • Consideration of environmental factors and physiological responses during exercise.

Main Results:

  • Asthma/airway hyperresponsiveness, upper airway disorders (rhinitis, laryngeal obstruction) are common causes of cough in athletes.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux, though common in athletes, is not a primary reported cause of cough in this population.
  • Cough can negatively impact athletes' quality of life, sleep, and performance, though data is limited.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic evaluation is crucial for identifying cough causes in athletes.
  • Treatment should be tailored to the specific etiology and presentation, adhering to anti-doping regulations.
  • Further research is essential to understand the pathophysiology, management, and consequences of exercise-induced persistent cough in athletes.