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Local immunodeficiency: Minimal networks and stability.

Leonid Bunimovich1, Longmei Shu1

  • 1School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0160, USA.

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|February 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Local immunodeficiency (LI) arises in small, non-homogeneous cross-reactivity (CR) networks, even without scale-free properties. These findings expand understanding of LI beyond Hepatitis C to other CR-related diseases.

Keywords:
Cross-immunoreactivity networkLocal immunodeficiencyMinimal stable network

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Network theory
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Cross-reactivity (CR) networks are crucial in immune responses.
  • Local immunodeficiency (LI) has been observed in CR networks, notably in Hepatitis C.
  • The topological properties of CR networks influencing LI are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental conditions for stable local immunodeficiency (LI) in cross-reactivity (CR) networks.
  • To determine the general applicability of LI phenomena beyond specific diseases like Hepatitis C.
  • To explore the role of network topology, particularly non-homogeneity, in the emergence of stable LI.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of small-scale CR networks.
  • Analysis of network stability under parameter perturbations.
  • Investigating network construction principles using building blocks.

Main Results:

  • Stable local immunodeficiency (LI) emerges in very small CR networks under general conditions.
  • Non-homogeneity of network topology is a key feature for stable LI.
  • Larger CR networks with stable LI can be constructed from smaller stable LI networks.
  • The scale-free property is not a prerequisite for stable LI in CR networks.

Conclusions:

  • Stable local immunodeficiency (LI) is a robust phenomenon in CR networks, occurring under broad conditions.
  • Network topology, specifically non-homogeneity, is critical for LI stability.
  • The findings generalize the understanding of LI to various diseases involving CR networks, not limited to Hepatitis C.