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Predictive equation for post-mortem interval using spectrophotometric values of post-mortem lividity: A pilot study.

Yosuke Usumoto1, Keiko Kudo2, Akiko Tsuji2

  • 1Department of Legal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan; Department of Forensic Pathology and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.

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|February 18, 2019
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Summary

Spectrophotometric analysis of post-mortem lividity and skin color revealed strong correlations. New predictive equations accurately estimate post-mortem interval (PMI) using lividity and skin color, aiding forensic investigations.

Keywords:
Blood colourPost-mortem intervalPost-mortem lividitySkin colourSpectrophotometry

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Colorimetry

Background:

  • Post-mortem lividity is a crucial indicator in forensic science.
  • Accurate estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) is vital for investigations.
  • Objective color measurement of lividity and skin can provide new insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To spectrophotometrically measure post-mortem lividity and control skin color.
  • To analyze the relationship between lividity, skin, and blood colors.
  • To develop predictive equations for post-mortem lividity color and PMI.

Main Methods:

  • Spectrophotometric measurement of L*, a*, b* values for lividity and control skin in 86 cadavers.
  • Measurement of blood color from the left heart, right heart, and femoral vein.
  • Statistical analysis to correlate color values with PMI and autopsy findings.

Main Results:

  • Strong correlation (r=0.64) found between lividity (L*p) and control skin (L*c) lightness.
  • Lividity a* and b* values showed low but significant increases with PMI.
  • Developed predictive equations for lividity color, with L*p equation explaining 65% of variance.
  • Created PMI predictive equations, with the best one estimating PMI within ±10.29 hours without blood data.

Conclusions:

  • Spectrophotometry provides objective data for post-mortem lividity and skin color analysis.
  • Predictive equations using skin and lividity color show promise for PMI estimation.
  • Further research can refine these models to improve accuracy and understanding of lividity factors.