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Sarcopenia and Variation in the Human Leukocyte Antigen Complex
Garan Jones1, Luke C Pilling1, Chia-Ling Kuo2,3
1Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School.
Summary
Autoimmune diseases significantly increase sarcopenia risk in older adults. Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types and genetic variants are also linked to sarcopenia, even without autoimmune conditions.
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Gerontology
- Musculoskeletal Health
Background:
- Aging is associated with chronic inflammation and sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and strength).
- Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types are known drivers of autoimmune diseases.
- The relationship between autoimmune diagnoses, HLA types, and sarcopenia in older adults requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if autoimmune diagnoses are associated with sarcopenia.
- To investigate the association between HLA types, related genetic variants, and sarcopenia in individuals without autoimmune diseases.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 181,301 UK Biobank participants aged 60-70.
- Measurement of hand grip strength and impedance.
- Logistic regression to assess associations between HLA types, genetic variants, and sarcopenia, adjusted for confounders.
Main Results:
- Autoimmune diagnoses were strongly associated with sarcopenia (OR 1.83).
- Six common HLA types were linked to sarcopenia in autoimmune disease-free individuals.
- Specific HLA alleles (e.g., HLA-DQA1*03:01) and HLA region genetic variants (e.g., rs41268896) increased sarcopenia risk.
Conclusions:
- Autoimmune diagnoses are a significant risk factor for sarcopenia in older adults.
- Genetic factors, including HLA types and variants, contribute to sarcopenia risk independently of autoimmune disease.
- Findings suggest potential for targeted treatments for sarcopenia, possibly involving autoimmune pathways.
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