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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

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Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats
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Neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Matthew Grossman1, Adam Berkwitt1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.

Seminars in Perinatology
|February 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is increasing, impacting healthcare. Newer care models show promise in reducing hospital stays and medication use for infants with NAS.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)
  • Prenatal Opioid Exposure
  • Pediatric Withdrawal Syndromes

Background:

  • Rising incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) due to increased prenatal opioid exposure.
  • Significant healthcare burden associated with NAS management.
  • Limitations in data regarding long-term outcomes for infants with NAS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history, incidence, and pathophysiology of NAS.
  • To examine diagnostic screening approaches and scoring tools for NAS.
  • To discuss traditional and newer management strategies and provide recommendations for improved infant care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NAS history, epidemiology, and pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and assessment tools for NAS.
Keywords:
Neonatal abstinence syndromeNeonatal opioid withdrawalOpioidsWithdrawal

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  • Evaluation of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Traditional NAS management relies on symptom scoring and gradual opioid tapering.
    • Emerging care models incorporating non-pharmacologic interventions and rooming-in show potential benefits.
    • Limited data exists on the long-term outcomes of infants with NAS under various treatment protocols.

    Conclusions:

    • NAS is a growing concern requiring updated management strategies.
    • Non-pharmacologic interventions and rooming-in represent promising avenues for NAS care.
    • Further research into long-term outcomes is crucial for optimizing infant care and reducing healthcare burdens.