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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

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In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

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The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
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Urinary infection in the elderly.

E Álvarez Artero1, A Campo Nuñez1, M Garcia Bravo2

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Río Carrión, Complejo Asistencial de Palencia (CAUPA), Palencia, España.

Revista Clinica Espanola
|February 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the elderly lead to high mortality. Inadequate empirical treatment for these UTIs is common and may increase the risk of death in older patients.

Keywords:
AncianoElderlyEmpirical treatmentInfección asociada a sonda vesicalInfección tracto urinarioInfection associated with bladder catheterMortalidadMortalityTratamiento empíricoUrinary tract infection

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common infection, particularly in the elderly who often have multiple comorbidities.
  • Elderly patients with UTIs present unique challenges due to their complex health status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical and microbiological epidemiology of hospital-admitted UTIs in elderly individuals.
  • To evaluate the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic treatments and their impact on mortality.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study was conducted from 2013-2015 in four public hospitals.
  • Included were patients over 65 years old admitted to Internal Medicine with a confirmed UTI diagnosis, excluding asymptomatic bacteriuria.
  • In-hospital mortality was analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods.

Main Results:

  • A total of 349 UTI episodes were analyzed in patients with a mean age of 82 years.
  • The in-hospital mortality rate was 10.3%, associated with advanced age, dementia, sepsis, and septic shock.
  • Escherichia coli (53.6%) was the most common pathogen, with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains (13%) linked to prior antibiotic use and urinary catheterization.
  • Empirical treatment was adequate in only 73.6% of cases and was associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions:

  • UTIs in the elderly population are associated with significant mortality.
  • Inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy is a concern and may contribute to higher mortality rates in this vulnerable group.