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Related Concept Videos

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
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Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
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Sleep Apnea01:21

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

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Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Obstructive sleep apnoea in multiple pregnancy.

Farnaz Dave1, Stephen Cole2, Megan Rees3

  • 1Department of Obstetric Medicine, The Royal Women's Hospital, Meblourne, Victoria, Australia.

The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|February 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnoea in pregnancy is linked to poor outcomes. This review examines the risks of sleep apnoea in multiple pregnancies, a growing concern.

Keywords:
multifetal pregnancymultiple pregnancyobesityobstructive sleep apnoeapreeclampsia

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Perinatal Health

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in pregnancy is linked to gestational diabetes, hypertension, and low birth weight.
  • Multiple pregnancies share similar adverse perinatal outcomes.
  • Increasing rates of assisted conception, advanced maternal age, and obesity are driving a rise in OSA during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the intersection of obstructive sleep apnoea and multiple pregnancy.
  • To highlight the presumed significant maternal and fetal morbidity associated with this combination.
  • To identify gaps in specific data regarding OSA in multiple pregnancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on obstructive sleep apnoea in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of data concerning multiple pregnancies and their associated perinatal risks.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the combined impact of OSA and multiple gestation.

Main Results:

  • While OSA in pregnancy and multiple pregnancies are individually associated with adverse outcomes, specific data on their intersection is limited.
  • The combination of OSA and multiple pregnancy is presumed to increase maternal and fetal morbidity.
  • Further research is needed to quantify the specific risks and outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The co-occurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea and multiple pregnancy represents a significant, yet understudied, area of concern in perinatal medicine.
  • Understanding and managing OSA in multiple pregnancies is crucial for improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
  • There is a critical need for dedicated research to address the sparse data and guide clinical practice.