Functional gastrointestinal disorders and gut-brain axis: What does the future hold?

Area of Science:

• Neurogastroenterology
• Gastroenterology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are prevalent but poorly understood.
• Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are primarily symptomatic due to limited knowledge of pathophysiology.
• The complex bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain (gut-brain axis) is central to FGID pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the anatomical features of the gut-brain axis.
• To discuss factors and molecular mechanisms involved in FGID pathogenesis.
• To explore the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning in understanding FGIDs.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on the gut-brain axis anatomy and molecular mechanisms.
• Analysis of existing research on FGID pathogenesis.
• Discussion of emerging technologies like AI and machine learning.

Main Results:

• The gut-brain axis involves intricate anatomical and molecular pathways crucial for gastrointestinal function.
• Several molecular targets and receptors within the gut-brain axis are implicated in FGID development.
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning show promise for advancing the understanding and treatment of FGIDs.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the gut-brain axis's molecular underpinnings is essential for developing targeted therapies for FGIDs.
• Further human studies are needed to identify specific therapeutic targets.
• AI and machine learning offer novel avenues for research into these complex disorders.