Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

7.1K
Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
7.1K
Current Density01:21

Current Density

5.1K
The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
5.1K
Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

2.6K
Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
2.6K
Displacement Current01:19

Displacement Current

3.8K
Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
3.8K
Charge and Current01:14

Charge and Current

5.5K
Electric charge is the most fundamental quantity in an electric circuit. The effects of electric charge are encountered daily, such as when a wool sweater sticks to the human body or when a person receives a shock while walking on a carpet.
Charge is an inherent property of the atomic particles that make up matter and is measured in units called coulombs (C). Matter is composed of atoms, each consisting of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons have a negative charge (-e), while protons...
5.5K
Current Dividers01:10

Current Dividers

1.0K
In parallel electrical connections, resistors are linked between the same pair of nodes, creating an equal voltage across each resistor. Kirchhoff's current law is applied to these connections, establishing that the sum of currents through these resistors equals the source current. Utilizing Ohm's law, the source current is determined as the product of the source voltage and the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances. This relationship simplifies the process of finding the current...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence for Alfvén waves powering auroral arc via a static electric potential drop.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The IMAP-Ultra Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imager.

Space science reviews·2025
Same author

Radio emissions reveal Alfvénic activity and electron acceleration prior to substorm onset.

Nature communications·2025
Same authorSame journal

Derivations of the Total Radiation Belt Electron Content.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2024
Same author

Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE) Revisited: In-Flight Calibrations, Lessons Learned and Scientific Advances.

Space science reviews·2023
Same author

Comparing Jupiter's Equatorial X-Ray Emissions With Solar X-Ray Flux Over 19 Years of the Chandra Mission.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
06:01

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.5K

Energization of the Ring Current by Substorms.

J K Sandhu1, I J Rae1, M P Freeman2

  • 1Department of Space and Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London London UK.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
|February 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Substorm energy significantly boosts the ring current, especially during expansion and recovery phases. This substorm-ring current coupling provides energy for space weather events.

Keywords:
HOPERBSPICEVan Allen Probesmagnetospherering currentsubstorms

More Related Videos

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe
07:28

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Published on: January 4, 2011

14.5K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice
11:54

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Published on: September 23, 2018

15.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
06:01

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.5K
Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe
07:28

Measurement of Bioelectric Current with a Vibrating Probe

Published on: January 4, 2011

14.5K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice
11:54

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Published on: September 23, 2018

15.2K

Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Magnetospheric Physics
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Substorm energy transfer and partitioning within Earth's magnetosphere remain key research questions.
  • Understanding ring current energization is crucial for predicting space storm conditions and wave-particle interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the energy input from substorms into the ring current.
  • To investigate the relationship between substorm phases and ring current energy content.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE) data for H+, O+, and He+ ions.
  • Estimation and spatial binning of ring current energy content (L, magnetic local time).
  • Statistical analysis correlating ring current energy with substorm phases using an event list.

Main Results:

  • Ring current energy significantly increases during the substorm expansion and recovery phases compared to the growth phase.
  • Energy enhancement characteristics suggest ion injection from the tail plasma sheet post-substorm onset.
  • Energetic H+ ion loss observed in the afternoon sector, likely due to wave-particle interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Substorms contribute a significant, albeit estimated at ~9%, portion of their released energy to the ring current.
  • Substorm-ring current coupling is a vital process influencing magnetospheric dynamics and space weather.
  • Wave-particle interactions play a role in modulating energetic ion populations in the ring current.