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Updated: Jan 29, 2026
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An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis
Published on: September 18, 2013
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Metastatic prostate cancer remains incurable, why?
Liang Dong1,2, Richard C Zieren1,3, Wei Xue2
1The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Asian Journal of Urology
|February 19, 2019
Summary
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treatments have advanced, but resistance remains a challenge. This review details current therapies and explores emerging mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in mCRPC.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) despite androgen deprivation therapy.
- Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a lethal disease with limited treatment options historically.
- Significant therapeutic advancements for mCRPC have emerged in the last decade.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current treatment agents for CRPC.
- To summarize recent findings on mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in CRPC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of CRPC therapeutics.
- Analysis of resistance mechanisms in CRPC.
Main Results:
- Docetaxel was the sole life-prolonging agent before 2010.
- New agents include abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, and radium-223.
- Primary and acquired resistance to mCRPC therapies are observed.
Conclusions:
- Despite advances, mCRPC remains a lethal disease.
- Therapeutic resistance in CRPC can be intrinsic or arise from tumor microenvironment adaptations.
- Further research into resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing effective mCRPC treatments.
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