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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models
Published on: August 16, 2010
Oral self-emulsifying delivery systems for systemic administration of therapeutic proteins: science fiction?
Thi Nhu Quynh Phan1,2, Bao Le-Vinh1,3, Nuri Ari Efiana1,4
1a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria.
Abstract:
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins through hydrophobic ion pairing. Method: Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a model protein, was ion paired with sodium docusate to increase its hydrophobicity. The formed enzyme - surfactant complex was incorporated into SEDDS, followed by permeation studies across Caco-2 cell monolayer and freshly excised rat intestine. Results: Hydrophobic ion pairs (HIP) were formed between HRP and sodium docusate with the efficiency of 87.49 ± 1.35%. The formed complex maintained 60.97 ± 1.48% of the original enzyme activity. The ion pair was subsequently loaded into SEDDS with a payload of 0.1% (mass per cent, m/m). The obtained emulsion formed by SEDDS had a droplet size in the range from 20 to 200 nm with negative zeta potential. Permeation mechanism of the enzyme was energy-dependent and the encapsulation of the HIP complex in SEDDS enhanced the permeation of the enzyme through the Caco-2 cell monolayer and freshly excised rat intestine by 4 times and 2.5 times compared to the free enzyme, respectively. Conclusion: According to these findings, hydrophobic ion pairing followed by incorporation to SEDDS might be considered as a potential strategy for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins.
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