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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA
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Identification of functional long non-coding RNAs in C. elegans.

Alper Akay1,2, David Jordan1,2, Isabela Cunha Navarro1,2

  • 1Wellcome CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.

BMC Biology
|February 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored the function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Six of ten tested lncRNA loci are essential for development and fertility, indicating their significant biological roles.

Keywords:
C. elegansCRISPRLong non-coding RNANon-codinglincRNAlncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The genome of Caenorhabditis elegans, though sequenced 20 years ago, still requires functional characterization.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of transcripts with largely uncharacterized functions, unlike well-understood small non-coding RNA pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and functionally characterize novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome.
  • To investigate the role of conserved lncRNA loci in organismal development and fertility.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of hundreds of transcriptome datasets to identify potential lncRNAs.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create deletion mutants for selected lncRNA loci.
  • Automated microscopy for high-throughput phenotyping and RNA interference for gene knockdown studies.

Main Results:

  • Annotated 3392 potential lncRNAs, with 143 multi-exonic loci showing high conservation and GC content.
  • Generated deletion mutants for ten lncRNA loci.
  • Demonstrated that six lncRNA loci are essential for normal development and fertility in C. elegans.
  • Provided evidence that for two lncRNAs, observed phenotypes depend on the RNA transcript itself.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial portion of the C. elegans non-coding genome remains unexplored.
  • In vivo analysis suggests a significant biological function for many high-confidence lncRNA loci at genomic or transcript levels.