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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes
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Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes

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Chromatin Regulation in Complex Brain Disorders.

Ryan M Bastle1, Ian Maze1,2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
|February 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Chromatin dynamics regulate gene expression and neuronal plasticity, adapting cells to environmental changes. Dysregulation of these epigenetic processes in the brain is linked to neurological and psychiatric disorders.

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Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes
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Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing ChIA-PET for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chromatin regulation controls gene expression and cellular identity.
  • These processes are crucial for neuronal development and lifelong adaptation.
  • Environmental changes impact the chromatin landscape, influencing neural plasticity and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances linking chromatin dynamics to brain disorders.
  • To discuss novel methodologies for studying chromatin in the nervous system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on chromatin dynamics and brain disorders.
  • Discussion of emerging techniques for analyzing chromatin structure and function in neural contexts.

Main Results:

  • Chromatin dynamics play a significant role in cellular and synaptic plasticity.
  • Alterations in chromatin are implicated in various neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions.
  • New methodologies offer improved ways to investigate these complex mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly chromatin dynamics, are vital for brain function and adaptation.
  • Perturbations in chromatin regulation contribute to the pathophysiology of brain disorders.
  • Advancements in methodology are crucial for future discoveries in this field.