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Temperature and the cell cycle.

D Francis1, P W Barlow

  • 1School of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK.

Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
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Temperature significantly impacts plant cell cycle duration and growth. Low temperatures can cause disproportionate G1 phase lengthening, potentially protecting the genome, while optimal cell division occurs near 30°C.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Cell Biology
  • Environmental Stress Physiology

Background:

  • The cell cycle comprises G1, S, and G2 phases, crucial for cell division and growth.
  • Temperature is a critical environmental factor influencing the rate of cell division and plant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how temperature affects the duration of different cell cycle phases in plant meristems.
  • To understand the implications of temperature-induced cell cycle alterations on plant growth and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of cell cycle phase durations across five plant species at varying temperatures.
  • Study of DNA replication rates and replicon size at different temperatures in selected species.
  • Observation of nucleoli size and cellular RNA content at low temperatures.

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Main Results:

  • Cell doubling time decreases significantly with increasing temperature, with a 21-fold decrease observed in Zea mays from 3 to 25°C.
  • Three out of five species showed disproportionate G1 phase lengthening at low temperatures, suggesting a protective mechanism.
  • DNA replication rate per fork increases with temperature, while replicon size remains constant.
  • Optimal cell cycle duration is near 30°C, often at the upper temperature limit for cell cycles.
  • Low temperatures (e.g., 5°C) in Triticum aestivum led to larger nucleoli and higher RNA levels, potentially supporting growth.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature profoundly influences plant cell cycle dynamics, affecting organogenesis and overall plant response to the growing season.
  • G1 arrest at low temperatures may protect the genome, while rapid cell cycling in sub-arctic species could be an adaptation to short growing seasons.
  • More research is needed on cell cycle activity during temperature-induced developmental transitions.