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Occurrence, function, and biosynthesis of mycofactocin.

Richard Ayikpoe1, Vishnu Govindarajan1, John A Latham2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|February 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mycofactocin, a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP), is explored for its unknown structure and function. This review details its biosynthetic pathway and potential roles in Actinobacteria.

Keywords:
BiosynthesisMycofactocinPeptide modificationRedox cofactorRiPP

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mycofactocin belongs to the class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs).
  • The mycofactocin biosynthetic pathway is prevalent in Mycobacterial species, yet its product's structure and function are largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the mycofactocin biosynthetic pathway.
  • To analyze the distribution and architecture of the mycofactocin biosynthetic gene cluster (mftABCDEF) in Actinobacteria.
  • To propose the potential biological roles and functions of mycofactocin and its associated enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of the mycofactocin biosynthetic gene cluster (mftABCDEF) distribution across Actinobacteria.
  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on RiPP biosynthesis and related pathways.
  • Comparative analysis of putative enzyme functions within the mycofactocin pathway.

Main Results:

  • The mycofactocin biosynthetic cluster, mftABCDEF, exhibits wide distribution within the Actinobacteria phylum.
  • Known biosynthetic steps involving MftA, MftB, MftC, and MftE show connections to pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis.
  • Potential functions for the uncharacterized enzymes MftD and MftF are proposed.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive overview of the mycofactocin biosynthetic pathway, highlighting its genetic organization and potential functional implications.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise structure, function, and physiological relevance of mycofactocin in Actinobacteria.