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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

453
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
453
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

430
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
430
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

388
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
388
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

513
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
513
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

466
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
466
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

917
One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
917

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
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Surface deformation tracking and modelling of soft materials.

Matthew D Parker1, Thiranja P Babarenda Gamage1, Amir HajiRassouliha1

  • 1Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
|February 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study validates a phase-based cross-correlation algorithm for tracking surface deformations by comparing it to a microsphere tracking system. The validated algorithm accurately measures displacements for finite element modeling of soft materials.

Keywords:
DeformationLarge deformationModellingSoft materialsStereoscopy

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Area of Science:

  • * **Mechanics of Materials:** Investigating large deformation mechanics and material property estimation.
  • * **Computer Vision:** Developing and validating algorithms for 3D surface deformation tracking.

Background:

  • * Numerous computer vision algorithms exist for tracking surface deformations.
  • * Direct comparisons between these algorithms, stereoscopic methods, and physics-based models are scarce.
  • * A previously developed phase-based cross-correlation algorithm tracks dense displacement distributions on 3D surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To compare the phase-based cross-correlation algorithm with an independent microsphere tracking system.
  • * To assess the accuracy of the phase-based algorithm in tracking surface deformations.
  • * To demonstrate the utility of the strain-tracking data for physics-based finite element modeling.

Main Methods:

  • * A phase-based cross-correlation algorithm was employed to track surface displacements.
  • * A bicubic Hermite mesh fitted to the displacement data was used to estimate microsphere locations.
  • * These estimated locations were compared against stereo reconstructions and experimental measurements on a silicone gel cube under indentation.

Main Results:

  • * The phase-based algorithm demonstrated high accuracy, with root-mean-square (RMS) differences between 19 µm and 60 µm for microsphere positions.
  • * The strain-tracking data enabled the estimation of a neo-Hookean stiffness parameter for the silicone gel.
  • * The finite element model, using the estimated parameter, achieved an RMS difference of 143 µm compared to measured microsphere positions.

Conclusions:

  • * The phase-based cross-correlation algorithm provides accurate surface deformation measurements.
  • * The validated algorithm is suitable for generating strain data for physics-based finite element modeling.
  • * This approach enhances the understanding of large deformation mechanics in soft materials.