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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
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Inflammatory cytokines in bladder cancer.

Pejman Shadpour1, Mojtaba Zamani2, Nazi Aghaalikhani3,4

  • 1Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC), Hospital Management Research Center (HMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|February 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cytokines in the tumor microenvironment influence bladder cancer (BC) progression. Understanding these inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals is key to developing targeted therapies for BC.

Keywords:
bladder cancercytokinesinflammationmicroenvironmentreceptors

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3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer
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3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment, rich in inflammatory cells and cytokines, significantly impacts cancer pathogenesis.
  • Cytokines can either inhibit or promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, depending on the context.
  • Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignancy where the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the dual role of cytokines in bladder cancer (BC) formation and regression.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding cytokine signaling in the BC tumor microenvironment.
  • To identify cytokines as potential therapeutic targets for BC treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on cytokines in bladder cancer.
  • Analysis of the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties of cytokines within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Evaluation of cytokine-related pathways in BC progression and regression.

Main Results:

  • Cytokines exhibit both pro-tumor (promoting growth, invasion, metastasis) and anti-tumor (inhibiting progression) effects in BC.
  • The BC tumor microenvironment is characterized by a complex interplay of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines.
  • Upregulation of certain cytokine pathways is associated with modulated cancer progression, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokines have a complex, context-dependent role in bladder cancer development and regression.
  • Targeting specific cytokines within the tumor microenvironment offers a promising strategy for BC therapy.
  • A deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment is essential for effective cytokine-based BC treatments.