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Vaccination timeliness among newborns and infants in Ethiopia

Matthew L Boulton1,2, Bradley F Carlson1, Abram L Wagner1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.

Plos One
|February 20, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Low wealth, home birth, and ethnicity delay infant vaccinations in Ethiopia. Institutional delivery reduces these delays for birth doses, but rural disparities persist, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve child health.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Identifies risk factors for delayed infant vaccinations in Ethiopia, including polio dose 1, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) dose 1, pentavalent dose 1, and measles dose 1.
  • Examines the impact of institutional delivery and demographic factors on timely birth doses of BCG and polio vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize risk factors associated with delayed primary infant vaccinations.
  • To understand how institutional delivery modifies sociodemographic disparities in the timeliness of birth vaccine doses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data.
  • Employed a multivariable accelerated failure time model with a Weibull distribution to analyze vaccination timeliness and account for censoring.
  • Investigated interactions between institutional delivery and demographic factors for birth vaccine doses.

Main Results:

  • Low wealth status, home delivery, and ethnicity were significant risk factors for delayed polio, DTP, pentavalent, and measles vaccinations.
  • Religion was linked to delayed measles vaccination, while rural residence was associated with delayed DTP and polio doses.
  • Institutional delivery attenuated sociodemographic disparities for BCG and polio birth doses, though rural dwellers still experienced delays compared to urban counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • Institutional delivery is associated with reduced vaccination delays, emphasizing the importance of perinatal care and health promotion.
  • Persistent urban-rural disparities in vaccination timeliness, even with institutional births, require targeted interventions.
  • Ensuring timely vaccination is crucial for preventing preventable childhood mortality.
Abstract

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