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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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The position of an object defines its location relative to a convenient frame of reference at any particular time. A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes from which the position and motion of an object are described. Earth is often used as a frame of reference, and we often describe the position of an object as it relates to stationary objects on Earth. For example, a rocket launch could be described in terms of the position of the rocket with respect to Earth as a whole. On the other...
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The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
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A position vector is a fundamental concept in mathematics that helps determine the position of one point with respect to another point in space. It is a vector that describes the direction and distance between two points. Position vectors are highly useful in the field of math and science, as they help represent spatial relationships and make calculations easier.
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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
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Isolated recurrent myelitis in a persistent MOG positive patient.

S Anis1, K Regev2, S J Pittock3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizman 6 Street, Tel-Aviv, 6423906, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Weizman 6 Street, Tel-Aviv, 6423906, Israel.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|February 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights a rare instance of recurrent transverse myelitis without optic nerve involvement in a patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab). The findings suggest MOG-Ab screening is crucial for patients with isolated myelitis, even without vision issues.

Keywords:
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)Optic neuritisTransverse myelitis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology
  • Demyelinating Diseases

Background:

  • Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) associated demyelination commonly affects the optic nerve and spinal cord.
  • Recurrent myelitis without optic neuritis is a rare presentation, accounting for only 3-5% of MOG-Ab positive cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of recurrent transverse myelitis without optic involvement in a MOG-Ab positive patient.
  • To emphasize the importance of screening for MOG-Ab in patients presenting with isolated or recurrent myelitis.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 30-year-old woman with MOG-Ab positive transverse myelitis.
  • Repeated serum MOG-Ab testing after relapse.
  • Review of current literature on MOG-Ab associated demyelination.

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced two distinct episodes of transverse myelitis without any ophthalmic involvement.
  • Serum MOG-Ab remained positive after the second relapse, indicating a high likelihood of relapsing disease.
  • The patient relapsed despite Rituximab therapy, suggesting potential treatment challenges in MOG-Ab positive patients.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated or recurrent myelitis without optic nerve involvement warrants MOG-Ab IgG screening.
  • MOG-Ab positive patients may experience disease relapse even under Rituximab therapy.
  • This case underscores the diagnostic importance of considering MOG-Ab in atypical presentations of CNS demyelination.