Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026
09:24
Visualizing Surface T-Cell Receptor Dynamics Four-Dimensionally Using Lattice Light-Sheet Microscopy
Published on: January 30, 2020
8.5K
Kirkendall effect in the two-dimensional lattice-gas model
1Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden and Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Physical Review. E
|February 21, 2019
Summary
The Kirkendall effect, crucial for hollow nanoparticle formation, was simulated using Monte Carlo methods. Diffusion rates of A and B monomers influence void formation, ranging from none to large voids in the mixed phase.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Computational Physics
Background:
- The Kirkendall effect, traditionally linked to metal diffusion, is vital for creating hollow nanoparticles.
- Understanding this effect in nanocrystallites is complex due to multiple factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To illustrate the Kirkendall effect using computational simulations.
- To investigate void formation during mixed phase development in a model system.
Main Methods:
- Two-dimensional (2D) lattice Monte Carlo simulations were employed.
- Simulated diffusion of A and B monomers with attractive interactions.
- Analyzed patterns up to 10^7 Monte Carlo steps.
Main Results:
- Observed void formation patterns depend on relative monomer diffusion rates.
- Simulations predicted outcomes from a void-free array to significant void presence.
- Void morphology ranged from numerous small voids to a single large void.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a generic model for understanding Kirkendall void formation.
- Diffusion kinetics significantly impact the final nanostructure morphology.
- This simulation approach aids in predicting nanoparticle evolution.
Related Concept Videos
02:33Lattice Centering and Coordination Number
11.5K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
11.5K
02:54Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge
26.7K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
26.7K
01:12Bewley Lattice Diagram
1.5K
The Bewley lattice diagram, developed by L. V. Bewley, effectively organizes the reflections occurring during transmission-line transients. It visually represents how voltage waves propagate and reflect within a transmission line, making it easier to understand the complex interactions that occur.
1.5K
01:20Gas Exchange and Transport
76.8K
Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
76.8K
02:34Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules
37.4K
The test of the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) and its postulates is its ability to explain and describe the behavior of a gas. The various gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Gay-Lussac’s, Avogadro’s, and Dalton’s laws) can be derived from the assumptions of the KMT, which have led chemists to believe that the assumptions of the theory accurately represent the properties of gas molecules.
37.4K
03:19Gas Laws: Boyle's, Gay-Lussac, Charles', Avogadro's, and Ideal Gas Law
76.9K
Through experiments, scientists established the mathematical relationships between pairs of variables, such as pressure and temperature, pressure and volume, volume and temperature, and volume and moles, that hold for an ideal gas.
76.9K