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Resilience in hierarchical fluid flow networks.

Tatyana Gavrilchenko1, Eleni Katifori1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Physical Review. E
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Network structure impacts function and damage response. In brain vasculature, high-conductance vessels shield surrounding areas from microclot damage, with topology, not just vein strength, determining protection extent.

Area of Science:

  • Network science
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • The structure of flow networks is crucial for function and response to damage.
  • Brain vasculature is susceptible to microclots, but their impact on blood flow and functionality is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how blood flow reroutes after single-edge occlusion in hierarchical networks.
  • To understand the role of vessel conductance and network topology in damage containment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of flow rerouting in two-dimensional networks with hierarchical edge conductances.
  • Investigation of shielding effects provided by highly conductive vessels (veins).
  • Evaluation of global network resilience with different vein arrangements (grid vs. parallel).

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Main Results:

  • Highly conductive vessels act as barriers, containing flow displacement from localized perturbations.
  • Vein conductance has a threshold effect; beyond a certain point, increased conductance doesn't improve shielding.
  • Network topology, not vein conductance, primarily sets the shielding length scale.
  • A grid arrangement of veins enhances overall network resilience more than a parallel pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular network structure plays a critical role in mitigating damage from microocclusions.
  • Hierarchical organization and topology are key factors in maintaining network function under stress.
  • Grid-like vein arrangements offer superior resilience compared to parallel configurations.