o-Vanillin Derived Schiff Bases and Their Organotin(IV) Compounds: Synthesis, Structural Characterisation, In-Silico...

Area of Science:

• Organometallic Chemistry
• Medicinal Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Schiff bases derived from dithiocarbazates are versatile ligands in coordination chemistry.
• Organotin(IV) compounds have shown promising biological activities, including anticancer properties.
• Understanding the structure-activity relationship of organotin(IV) complexes is crucial for drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and characterize novel organotin(IV) compounds of Schiff bases.
• To evaluate the cytotoxic activities of these compounds against a panel of human cancer cell lines.
• To investigate the mechanism of action and DNA interaction of the most potent compounds.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis and characterization using elemental analysis, spectroscopy (IR, UV-vis, NMR), and X-ray crystallography.
• Cytotoxicity assays against multiple cancer cell lines and a normal cell line.
• Mechanistic studies involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection and DNA binding assays (UV-vis, molecular docking).

Main Results:

• Six new organotin(IV) compounds with the general formula [R₂Sn(L)] were successfully synthesized and characterized.
• Diphenyltin(IV) compounds exhibited significantly higher cytotoxic potency compared to Schiff bases and dimethyltin(IV) analogs.
• Compounds induced ROS production, leading to apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and demonstrated strong DNA binding affinity via groove-binding interactions.

Conclusions:

• The synthesized organotin(IV) compounds, particularly diphenyltin(IV) derivatives, represent potential anticancer agents.
• The mechanism of action involves ROS generation, apoptosis induction, and DNA interaction.
• Further investigation into these compounds could lead to the development of novel chemotherapeutic drugs.