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Sprouted Grains: A Comprehensive Review.

Paolo Benincasa1, Beatrice Falcinelli2, Stanley Lutts3

  • 1Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy. paolo.benincasa@unipg.it.

Nutrients
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sprouted grains offer enhanced nutritional value and bioactive compounds due to germination. This review explores factors influencing sprout composition and health benefits.

Keywords:
elicitationgerminationhealthmicrobiological safetyphytochemicalsproutwhole grain

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Food Science
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Increased consumption of sprouted grains in diets over the past decade.
  • Growing scientific interest in the nutritional and phytochemical profiles of sprouted grains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review physiological and biochemical changes during grain germination.
  • To analyze the impact of germination on nutrient and bioactive compound content.
  • To identify factors influencing sprout composition and methods to enhance phytochemicals.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on grain germination and sprout composition.
  • Analysis of factors including genotype, environmental conditions, and germination parameters.
  • Evaluation of elicitation factors for phytochemical enhancement.
  • Assessment of microbiological risks and post-harvest technologies.
  • Summary of in vivo studies on the dietary use of grain sprouts.

Main Results:

  • Germination significantly alters macro- and micro-nutrient profiles and bioactive compounds in grains.
  • Sprout composition is influenced by the plant's genotype, environmental conditions, and germination settings.
  • Elicitation strategies can effectively increase phytochemical content in sprouts.
  • Microbiological safety and appropriate post-harvest techniques are crucial for sprouted grains.

Conclusions:

  • Sprouting is a valuable process for improving the nutritional quality of grains.
  • Understanding influencing factors allows for optimization of sprout production for health benefits.
  • Further research into elicitation and safety is warranted for wider dietary application.