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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Biosensor for Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Bacteria
Published on: May 8, 2013
Changing antibiotic resistance patterns for Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections
Dina F Khamash1, Aaron M Milstone1, Karen C Carroll2
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract:
Beta-lactam antibiotics such as cefazolin are first-line agents for preoperative prophylaxis, whereas clindamycin is often administered to patients with a reported penicillin allergy. 1 Recent studies have reported increased resistance to clindamycin in Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolates from both pediatric and adult populations, and these changes may have implications for surgical site infection (SSI) prophylaxis and empirical management. 2 , 3 Antibiotic resistance trends of SA isolates recovered from SSIs in adults in the United States have not been recently described.
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Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
The work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as

