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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Addiction Research
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Smoking is linked to automatic approach tendencies toward smoking cues.
  • Approach-Bias Modification (AppBM) training aims to reduce these tendencies by training avoidance of smoking-related stimuli.
  • Previous pilot studies suggested AppBM's potential effectiveness, but with limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate and extend previous findings on the effectiveness of AppBM for smoking cessation.
  • To investigate the long-term effects of AppBM on daily cigarette consumption and approach bias.

Main Methods:

  • A web-based, three-group parallel randomized controlled trial (N=149 adult smokers).
  • Participants received six sessions of either AppBM training, Sham training, or were on a waitlist.
  • AppBM involved associating smoking cues with avoidance (pushing) and neutral cues with approach (pulling); Sham training used a 50:50 contingency.

Main Results:

  • AppBM training significantly reduced daily cigarette consumption immediately after the intervention.
  • However, no significant group differences in daily cigarette consumption were observed at the six-month follow-up.
  • No consistent changes in approach bias were detected following AppBM training.

Conclusions:

  • AppBM training demonstrated short-term efficacy in reducing cigarette consumption but lacked long-term effectiveness as a standalone intervention for smoking cessation.
  • Further research is needed to explore AppBM's potential in combination with other treatments or its long-term efficacy in different formats.