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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Differential cortical microstructural maturation in the preterm human brain with diffusion kurtosis and tensor

Minhui Ouyang1,2, Tina Jeon1,2, Aristeidis Sotiras3

  • 1Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Brain development in preterm infants shows distinct patterns across regions. Diffusion imaging reveals unique microstructural changes in the cerebral cortex, offering potential markers for tracking development.

Keywords:
DKIbrain developmentcortical microstructuredifferentiationmaturation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The third trimester is crucial for human brain development, particularly the cerebral cortex.
  • Current understanding of cortical differentiation is limited, especially in specific regions and across the entire cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate cortical microstructural architecture across the entire brain in preterm neonates.
  • To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of cortical differentiation during the third trimester.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized non-Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  • Studied 89 preterm neonates aged 31-42 postmenstrual weeks.
  • Analyzed regional changes in mean kurtosis (MK) and fractional anisotropy (FA).

Main Results:

  • Cortical MK and FA exhibited heterogeneous temporal changes across different brain regions.
  • MK decreased throughout the study period, while FA plateaued around 37 weeks.
  • Primary visual and prefrontal cortices showed region-specific rates of MK and FA decline, respectively.
  • Cortical microstructural changes correlated with white matter maturation.
  • MK and FA accurately predicted postmenstrual age.

Conclusions:

  • Revealed a differential 4D spatiotemporal signature of cortical cytoarchitecture during the third trimester.
  • Inferred cytoarchitectural processes like dendritic arborization and neuronal density changes from MK and FA.
  • Cortical MK and FA measurements show promise as imaging biomarkers for typical and atypical brain development.