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Lactose Intolerance: Common Misunderstandings.

Margherita Di Costanzo1, Roberto Berni Canani2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Translational Medical Science - Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lactose intolerance, a common food intolerance, arises from reduced lactase activity, causing digestive issues like bloating and diarrhea. Differentiating it from milk allergy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Keywords:
Adverse food reactionsBreath testCow’s milk allergyFood intoleranceLactase

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Lactose intolerance is a prevalent condition characterized by digestive discomfort after consuming lactose.
  • It stems from diminished lactase enzyme activity in the small intestine's brush border.
  • Symptoms exhibit significant variability among individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms and manifestations of lactose intolerance.
  • To differentiate lactose intolerance from cow's milk allergy.
  • To improve diagnostic and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lactose intolerance and cow's milk allergy.
  • Analysis of the physiological basis of lactose digestion.
  • Comparison of clinical symptoms and diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • Undigested lactose fermentation by gut microbiota causes symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea.
  • Clinical presentations of lactose intolerance can mimic those of cow's milk allergy.
  • Key physiological and immunological differences exist between the two conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate differentiation between lactose intolerance and cow's milk allergy is essential.
  • Understanding these differences can prevent misdiagnosis and guide appropriate patient care.
  • Improved knowledge can lead to better diagnostic and management approaches for food intolerances.