Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Imaging Glioma Initiation In Vivo Through a Polished and Reinforced Thin-skull Cranial Window
Published on: November 20, 2012
The effects of 2-hydroxyglutarate on the tumorigenesis of gliomas
Cara Reiter-Brennan1, Lukas Semmler1, Andreas Klein1
1Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
Mutation of the isocitrate-dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes is one of the central research topics regarding gliomagenesis. Indeed, 70% of gliomas are associated with a gain-of-function IDH mutation and consequently synthesize the oncometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). This review aims to elucidate the effects of 2-HG on gliomagenesis. 2-HG promotes tumorigenesis by impacting metabolism, vascularization and altering the epigenome of glioma cells. Glioma metabolism and vascularization is altered by 2-HG's effect on the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and inhibition of endostatin. However, 2-HG's impacts on epigenetic mechanisms are more profound to gliomagenesis. Through competitive inhibition of JHDMs and TET proteins, 2-HG orchestrates histone and DNA hypermethylation, which is associated with gene silencing and dedifferentiation of cells. The hypermethylator phenotype induced by 2-HG also results in alterations of the interaction of the immune system with the tumour. Additionally, this study reviews 2-HG promotion of tumorigenesis by inhibiting repair of DNA alkylation damage through competitive inhibition of AlkB proteins.
Related Concept Videos
Buffer Effectiveness
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
Framing Effects
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H
Biological Effects of Radiation
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
Effects of feedback
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

