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Writing, reading, and speaking in blepharospasm.

Gina Ferrazzano1, Antonella Conte1,2, Daniele Belvisi1

  • 1IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.

Journal of Neurology
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Writing and reading activities can reduce orbicularis oculi (OO) muscle spasms in blepharospasm (BSP) patients. These actions also affected blink rates across blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and healthy subjects.

Keywords:
BlepharospasmBlink rateReadingSpeakingVerbal language taskWriting

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Blepharospasm (BSP) is characterized by involuntary orbicularis oculi (OO) muscle spasms.
  • Understanding factors that modulate OO spasms is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of writing, reading, and speaking on OO muscle spasms and blink rate in BSP patients.
  • To compare these effects with those observed in hemifacial spasm (HFS) patients and healthy subjects (HS).

Main Methods:

  • A standardized protocol involved videotaping 30 BSP patients, 20 HFS patients, and 20 HS during rest, writing, speaking, and reading tasks.
  • Two independent movement disorder specialists quantified OO spasms and blink rates from the recordings.

Main Results:

  • Writing and reading significantly reduced OO spasms in BSP patients; speaking had no significant effect.
  • No significant changes in spasms were observed for HFS patients across all tasks.
  • Blink rates were modulated by writing, reading, and speaking in all three groups (BSP, HFS, HS).

Conclusions:

  • Writing and reading may offer a potential non-pharmacological approach to manage OO spasms in BSP.
  • The findings suggest a potential role of occipital influences on brainstem circuits in modulating BSP spasms.
  • Further research is warranted to explore cognitive training interventions for BSP management.