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Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Human circadian phase-response curves for exercise.

Shawn D Youngstedt1,2, Jeffrey A Elliott3,4, Daniel F Kripke3

  • 1College of Nursing and Health Innovation and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

The Journal of Physiology
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exercise can shift circadian rhythms, with specific timing influencing the direction and magnitude of the shift. This study established phase-response curves for exercise, revealing optimal times for phase advances and delays, aiding in managing circadian misalignment.

Keywords:
6-sulphatoxymelatoninPRCcircadian timephase advancephase delayphase shiftultra-short sleep wake schedule

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms regulate numerous physiological processes.
  • Exercise is a known zeitgeber, but detailed phase-response curves (PRCs) are needed.
  • Understanding exercise-induced phase shifts can help manage circadian misalignment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish phase-response curves (PRCs) for exercise in relation to circadian time.
  • To determine the magnitude and direction of circadian phase shifts induced by exercise.
  • To investigate potential additive effects of exercise and bright light.

Main Methods:

  • 100 adults (51 older, 48 young) underwent a 5.5-day ultrashort sleep-wake cycle protocol.
  • Participants performed 1 hour of moderate treadmill exercise at one of eight times of day/night for 3 consecutive days.
  • Circadian phase shifts were measured using urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) excretion patterns (onset, acrophase, duration).

Main Results:

  • Significant PRCs were established for aMT6s acrophase, onset, and duration.
  • Peak phase advances occurred at 7:00 AM and 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM.
  • Significant phase delays were observed from 7:00 PM - 10:00 PM; minimal shifts occurred around 4:00 PM and 2:00 AM.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise elicits significant circadian phase-shifting effects comparable to bright light.
  • Specific exercise timings can induce desired phase advances or delays, useful for jet lag.
  • Findings support exploring combined bright light and exercise interventions for health benefits.