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Related Concept Videos

Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

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Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
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Force-Clamp Rheometry for Characterizing Protein-based Hydrogels
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Force-Clamp Rheometry for Characterizing Protein-based Hydrogels

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Enzyme colocalization in protein-based hydrogels.

Louis Lancaster1, Beyza Bulutoglu2, Scott Banta2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States.

Methods in Enzymology
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are designing self-assembling protein biomaterials with embedded enzymes. This innovation enables simple production and homogeneous enzyme activity for advanced biocatalytic and biomedical applications.

Keywords:
Bifunctional proteinCascade catalysisEnzyme colocalizationHydrogelProtein materialsSelf-assemblySynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Protein Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Biomaterials with enzymatic activity are crucial for tissue engineering, biosensors, and bioenergy.
  • Advances in peptide-based biomaterials inspire the creation of self-assembling, enzyme-based materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer bifunctional proteins capable of self-assembly into biomaterials with embedded enzymatic activity.
  • To leverage cross-link forming domains for enhanced biomaterial properties and enzyme colocalization.

Main Methods:

  • Designing and producing bifunctional proteins with self-assembling and cross-linking capabilities.
  • Integrating enzymatic functions within these engineered protein structures.

Main Results:

  • Created self-assembling protein biomaterials with homogeneous dispersion of enzymatic activity.
  • Enabled colocalization of multiple enzymes within hydrogels for multistep biocatalytic cascades.
  • Demonstrated simple, low-cost production of functional enzyme-embedded biomaterials.

Conclusions:

  • Designed bifunctional proteins offer a versatile platform for creating advanced biomaterials.
  • These enzyme-embedded biomaterials hold significant potential for biocatalysis, biomedical applications, and biotechnology.
  • Mimicking natural hydrogel evolution, designed proteins advance material and catalytic properties.