Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

559
In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
559
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.8K
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

255
Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
255
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

197
Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
197
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

207
Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
207
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

903
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
903

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessment for the Correlation Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy·2021
Same author

Polyphenol-Containing Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Therapeutic Delivery.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2021
Same author

Controllable morphology of electrospun nanofiber membranes with tunable groove structure and the enhanced filtration performance for ultrafine particulates.

Nanotechnology·2021
Same author

A general approach to high-efficiency perovskite solar cells by any antisolvent.

Nature communications·2021
Same author

Cropping systems alter hydraulic traits of barley but not pea grown in mixture.

Plant, cell & environment·2021
Same author

Head barotrauma.

Internal and emergency medicine·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold
07:09

Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold

Published on: October 26, 2018

6.6K

Artificial scaffolds for enhanced biocatalysis.

Qing Sun1, Shen-Long Tsai2, Wilfred Chen3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.

Methods in Enzymology
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed synthetic scaffolds to improve enzyme cascade performance by mimicking natural protein organization. These DNA- and protein-based scaffolds enhance biological pathway efficiency for various applications.

Keywords:
CascadeMetabolonScaffoldSubstrate channeling

More Related Videos

Interlinked Macroporous 3D Scaffolds from Microgel Rods
07:32

Interlinked Macroporous 3D Scaffolds from Microgel Rods

Published on: June 16, 2022

2.7K
Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization
09:32

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization

Published on: April 19, 2015

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold
07:09

Manipulating Living Cells to Construct Stable 3D Cellular Assembly Without Artificial Scaffold

Published on: October 26, 2018

6.6K
Interlinked Macroporous 3D Scaffolds from Microgel Rods
07:32

Interlinked Macroporous 3D Scaffolds from Microgel Rods

Published on: June 16, 2022

2.7K
Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization
09:32

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization

Published on: April 19, 2015

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and synthetic biology
  • Enzyme engineering and pathway optimization

Background:

  • Proteins function optimally through coordinated action, not isolation.
  • Nature utilizes colocalization of enzymatic partners for efficient intermediate exchange in reaction cascades.
  • Synthetic scaffolds are inspired by natural designs to boost biological pathway performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe DNA- and protein-based scaffold approaches for assembling artificial enzyme cascades.
  • To explore applications of these artificial enzyme cascades.
  • To provide insights into selecting appropriate scaffolds for different cascade systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review and description of DNA-based scaffold approaches.
  • Review and description of protein-based scaffold approaches.
  • Analysis of benefits and drawbacks of various scaffold strategies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of synthetic scaffolds for artificial enzyme cascade assembly.
  • Identification of diverse applications for engineered enzyme cascades.
  • Comparative analysis of scaffold approaches highlighting advantages and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic scaffolds offer a powerful strategy for enhancing enzyme cascade efficiency.
  • The choice of scaffold is critical and depends on the specific cascade system.
  • Further development of scaffolds can unlock new applications in biotechnology and medicine.