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Membrane Electroporation and Electropermeabilization: Mechanisms and Models.

Tadej Kotnik1, Lea Rems2, Mounir Tarek3

  • 1Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; email: tadej.kotnik@fe.uni-lj.si , damijan.miklavcic@fe.uni-lj.si.

Annual Review of Biophysics
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-voltage electric pulses transiently increase cell membrane permeability, a process termed electropermeabilization. Research now distinguishes this from electroporation, highlighting molecular events in lipid bilayers.

Keywords:
aqueous pores in lipid bilayerscell membranemolecular dynamicspulsed electric field treatmenttheoretical modeltransmembrane molecular transport

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Membrane Science

Background:

  • Exposure to electric pulses increases cell membrane permeability.
  • Electroporation is a known mechanism, but molecular details are still emerging.
  • Distinguishing electroporation from electropermeabilization is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental and modeling evidence of electrically induced membrane permeability.
  • To explore molecular-level mechanisms of pore formation and membrane changes.
  • To identify remaining challenges in understanding electroporation and electropermeabilization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data on membrane permeability and transmembrane voltage.
  • Analysis of continuum models of electropermeabilization.
  • Inclusion of insights from atomistic simulations and molecular-level modeling.
  • Examination of evidence for lipid and protein modifications.

Main Results:

  • Electrically induced membrane permeability is correlated with transmembrane voltage.
  • Molecular modeling provides insights into pore formation.
  • Chemical modifications of lipids and functional modulation of proteins impact permeability.
  • A distinction between electroporation and electropermeabilization is supported by growing evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding electrically induced membrane permeability requires considering both pore formation and molecular changes.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of electroporation and electropermeabilization.
  • Distinguishing these phenomena is essential for accurate scientific communication.