Lignin Degradation by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines

Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, is one of the most important diseases of soybean. Lignin degradation may play a role in the infection, colonization, and survival of the fungus in root tissue. Lignin degradation by F. solani f. sp. glycines was shown by the catalyzed release of ¹⁴CO₂ from purified ¹⁴C-labeled Klason lignin, the degradation of polymeric aromatic dyes in culture (a method commonly used to test the ligninolytic capacity of microorganisms), and the production of laccase and lignin peroxidase (the major fungal lignin degrading enzymes). The laccase and lignin peroxidase activities and the amount of decolorization of aromatic polymeric dyes (Poly R-478 and Remazol Brilliant Blue R) by F. solani f. sp. glycines were intermediate or greater than that found with two known lignin-degrading fungi, Polyporus tulipifera and Schizophyllum commune. Studies of lignin synthesis from [¹⁴C]phenylalanine with soybean hairy root cultures showed that F. solani f. sp. glycines treatment stimulated lignin synthesis in 2 h, and by 24 h, some lignin degradation had occurred. These results indicate that F. solani f. sp. glycines was capable of degrading lignin which may be important in infection, colonization, and survival of the fungus.