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New Genes for Leaf Rust Resistance in CIMMYT Durum Wheats
S A Herrera-Foessel1, R P Singh2, J Huerta-Espino3
1Dept. of Ecology and Crop Production Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7043, S 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Plant Disease
|February 22, 2019
Summary
Leaf rust, a significant durum wheat disease in Mexico, is controlled by diverse genetic resistance sources. Understanding these genes is crucial for developing resistant wheat varieties against the virulent BBG/BN race.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Genetics
- Agricultural Science
Background:
- Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, poses a major threat to durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) production in Mexico.
- A new virulent race, BBG/BN, detected in 2001, affects over 80% of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center's (CIMMYT) durum wheat collection.
- Durum wheat genotypes resistant to this new race are vital for maintaining crop yields.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic basis and diversity of resistance in nine durum wheat genotypes against the Puccinia triticina BBG/BN race.
- To identify and characterize the specific genes conferring resistance in these selected durum wheat lines.
- To inform strategies for durable leaf rust control in durum wheat.
Main Methods:
- Genetic analysis of resistance using crosses between resistant durum genotypes and a susceptible cultivar (Atil C2000).
- Half diallel crosses were performed to study gene interactions and inheritance patterns.
- Evaluation of resistance in parental, F1, F2, and F3 populations under controlled greenhouse and field conditions with artificial epidemics of race BBG/BN.
Main Results:
- Five distinct sources of resistance to the BBG/BN race were identified among the nine durum genotypes.
- Partially dominant complementary genes conferred resistance in Jupare C2001, Hualita, and Pohowera.
- A single dominant gene provided resistance in Somateria and Llareta INIA, while partially dominant genes were identified in Guayacan 2, Guayacan INIA, Storlom, and Camayo, with linkage noted between genes in the latter two.
Conclusions:
- Diverse genetic mechanisms confer resistance to the virulent leaf rust race BBG/BN in durum wheat.
- Understanding the allelic relationships and gene interactions is key to breeding resistant cultivars.
- Combining these identified resistance genes is recommended for effective and durable control of leaf rust in durum wheat production.
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