Introduction and expression of DNA molecules in eukaryotic cells by electroporation

Exposing eukaryotic cells to brief, high voltage electrical fields can induce the uptake of exogenous materials, presumably through the transient formation of micropores in the cell membrane. This phenomenon has been exploited for the introduction of cloned DNA molecules into cells for permanent transformation or for transient expression and analysis of gene products. The magnitude and characteristics of the generated electrical field are critical for successful electroporation and simple, transient expression assays using indicator genes allow the calibration and optimization of electroporation conditions for a wide variety of eukaryotic cell types. These techniques may allow the genetic modification of a variety of host cells which cannot be easily transformed by other methods.