Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

3.9K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
3.9K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

7.7K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
7.7K
Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group: General Mechanism01:18

Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group: General Mechanism

8.2K
The carbonyl carbon in an aldehyde or ketone is the site of a nucleophilic attack due to its electron-deficient nature. Depending on the strength of the incoming nucleophile, the reaction occurs via different mechanistic pathways.
A stronger nucleophile can directly attack the electrophilic center, the carbonyl carbon. The HOMO orbital of the nucleophile interacts with the LUMO (π* antibonding) orbital present on the carbonyl carbon. This interaction breaks the π bond and shifts the π...
8.2K
Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Mechanism01:17

Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Mechanism

4.7K
The reaction of hydrogen bromide with alkenes in the presence of hydroperoxides or peroxides proceeds via anti-Markovnikov addition. The radical chain reaction comprises initiation, propagation, and termination steps.
The mechanism starts with chain initiation, which involves two steps. In the first chain initiation step, a weak peroxide bond is homolytically cleaved upon mild heating to form two alkoxy radicals. In the second initiation step, a hydrogen atom is abstracted by the alkoxy...
4.7K
Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)01:27

Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)

4.3K
α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds with two electrophilic sites, the carbonyl carbon, and the β carbon, are susceptible to nucleophilic attack via two modes: conjugate or 1,4-addition and direct or 1,2-addition.
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are...
4.3K
Steel Manufacturing01:26

Steel Manufacturing

1.4K
Steel manufacturing is a multi-stage process that begins by smelting iron ore into cast iron in a blast furnace. This initial stage involves layering iron ore with coke, a type of fuel, and crushed limestone within the furnace. The coke is ignited with a high volume of air, leading to the creation of carbon monoxide, which acts to reduce the iron ore to pure iron.
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Designing aperiodic metamaterials using mechanical neural networks.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Signal propagation in reversible digital mechanics.

Materials horizons·2025
Same author

Architected Liquid Crystal Elastomer Lattices with Programmable Energy Absorption.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same author

Preventing pressure ulcers by increasing pressure: An unorthodox alternating-pressure mattress.

Science robotics·2025
Same author

Self-deployable contracting-cord metamaterials with tunable mechanical properties.

Materials horizons·2024
Same author

Preparation of monodisperse cerium oxide particle suspensions from a tetravalent precursor.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2024
Same journal

Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Nonlinear quantum light source with van der Waals ferroelectric NbOX<sub>2</sub> (X = Br, I).

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The long tail of nitrate pollution in groundwater challenges governance of global water quality.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Warming climate has lengthened global intense tropical cyclone seasons.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Micro-masonry for 3D Additive Micromanufacturing
08:45

Micro-masonry for 3D Additive Micromanufacturing

Published on: August 1, 2014

10.8K

Additively manufacturable micro-mechanical logic gates.

Yuanping Song1, Robert M Panas2, Samira Chizari1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Nature Communications
|February 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new digital mechanical computation using micro-mechanical logic gates. These additively manufactured gates perform Boolean computations without electronics, enabling self-powered data processing in metamaterials.

More Related Videos

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens
05:38

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens

Published on: April 7, 2021

3.8K
Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing
09:39

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Published on: June 28, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Micro-masonry for 3D Additive Micromanufacturing
08:45

Micro-masonry for 3D Additive Micromanufacturing

Published on: August 1, 2014

10.8K
Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens
05:38

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens

Published on: April 7, 2021

3.8K
Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing
09:39

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Published on: June 28, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Micro-engineering
  • Computational mechanics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Early computers relied on mechanical principles.
  • Electronic computers have dominated for decades.
  • Advances in 3D micro-additive manufacturing revive interest in mechanical computation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel digital mechanical computation approach.
  • To introduce additively-manufacturable micro-mechanical logic gates.
  • To explore mechanical computation integrated with metamaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of micro-mechanical logic gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR).
  • Utilizing multi-stable micro-flexures that buckle for computation.
  • Integrating gates into microarchitected metamaterials.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of Boolean computations using purely mechanical forces and displacements.
  • Successful fabrication of micro-mechanical logic gates via additive manufacturing.
  • Development of systems capable of internal data processing and storage without external power.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical logic gates offer a viable alternative for digital computation.
  • Additive manufacturing enables complex, integrated mechanical computing systems.
  • These systems can perform computation within metamaterials, interacting with their environment without power.