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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
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Preimplantation Genetic Testing: Its Evolution, Where Are We Today?

Firuza Rajesh Parikh1, Arundhati Sitaram Athalye1, Nandkishor Jagannath Naik1

  • 1FertilTree-Jaslok International Fertility Centre, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
|February 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) identifies abnormal embryos, enabling the transfer of healthy ones in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). This review details PGT

Keywords:
Assisted reproductive technologyarray comparative genomic hybridizationfluorescence in situ hybridizationnext-generation sequencingpreimplantation genetic diagnosispreimplantation genetic screeningpreimplantation genetic testing

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine
  • Genetics
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a key component of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).
  • Historical animal experiments and later studies laid the groundwork for ART and PGT.
  • Understanding human reproduction is crucial for ensuring healthy pregnancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical evolution of Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT).
  • To highlight current and emerging PGT technologies.
  • To enhance comprehension of human reproduction and healthy pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current PGT advancements.
  • Analysis of the impact of PGT on ART procedures.
  • Discussion of future trends in reproductive genetics.

Main Results:

  • PGT has evolved significantly since early animal studies.
  • Current PGT technologies allow for precise identification of embryonic genetic abnormalities.
  • The technology is integral to modern ART, improving success rates.

Conclusions:

  • PGT has transformed prenatal diagnosis and ART.
  • Ongoing technological advancements promise further improvements in reproductive outcomes.
  • Comprehending PGT's evolution aids in optimizing fertility treatments and ensuring healthy pregnancies.