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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
Published on: February 28, 2013
Stage-Based Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Heart Failure
Patricia Mejia Osuna1,2, Spandana J Brown1, Laila S Tabatabai1,2
1HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS.
Abstract:
Type 2 diabetes negatively impacts heart failure outcomes. Insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidemia, and altered cellular substrate metabolism each have a mechanistic role. Management strategies focused solely on glycemic control have had limited success. However, three new classes of drugs, each with several options, offer the promise of improved diabetes management in heart failure. Unlike earlier classes, these medications have had favorable cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we present a therapeutic guide for metabolic treatment based on the stages of heart failure.
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