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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

853
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
853
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

605
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
605
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

1.8K
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
1.8K
Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.3K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
07:44

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

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Radiofrequency and malignant biliary strictures: An update.

Francesco Auriemma1, Luca De Luca2, Mario Bianchetti1

  • 1Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, Via Gerenzano 2, Castellanza 21053, Italy.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
|February 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) offers a promising palliative treatment for malignant biliary strictures, potentially improving stent patency and survival rates in unresectable cancer patients.

Keywords:
AblationEndoscopic retrograde colangiopancreatographyMalignant biliary stricturesRadiofrequency

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Interventional Endoscopy
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Malignant biliary strictures are often caused by cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinomas.
  • Palliative care, including stent placement, is standard for unresectable biliary disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and technical success of intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for malignant biliary strictures.
  • To evaluate RFA's impact on stent patency and patient survival.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on endoscopic intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for malignant biliary strictures.
  • Focus on technical success (catheter deployment) and efficacy outcomes (biliary decompression, stent patency, survival).

Main Results:

  • Technical success of RFA catheter deployment was high across included studies.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests RFA may improve stent patency and patient survival.

Conclusions:

  • Intraductal RFA is technically feasible for malignant biliary strictures.
  • Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm the benefits of RFA on stent patency and survival due to limitations of current retrospective and small cohort data.