Related Experiment Videos
Clinical studies on efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccine
1Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan.
Insights
The acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid (ACP-DT vaccine) significantly reduces pertussis incidence. Immunized children showed a 0.01-0.02% attack rate, while unimmunized children had a 6.43-6.52% rate.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Pertussis (whooping cough) remains a public health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
- The acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid (ACP-DT vaccine) is widely used.
- Understanding vaccine efficacy and safety is crucial for public health policy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of pertussis in relation to ACP-DT vaccine acceptance rates.
- To confirm the efficacy of the ACP-DT vaccine through a prospective study.
- To assess the safety profile of the ACP-DT vaccine.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective survey of immunized school children to assess pertussis incidence.
- Prospective household contact study using clinical diagnosis to confirm vaccine efficacy.
- Analysis of adverse events following immunization.
Main Results:
- The pertussis attack rate was 0.01-0.02% in vaccinated children versus 6.43-6.52% in unimmunized children.
- In a household contact study, 30 out of 37 unimmunized children contracted pertussis, compared to only 2 out of 39 fully immunized children.
- No severe adverse events like fever, encephalopathy, shock, or death were linked to the vaccine between 1984-1987. Mild local reactions (erythema, swelling) were rare (3.06/100,000 doses).
Conclusions:
- The ACP-DT vaccine demonstrates high efficacy in preventing pertussis.
- The vaccine is safe, with only rare and mild adverse events reported.
- High vaccine acceptance rates are critical for controlling pertussis outbreaks.
Abstract:
We conducted a retrospective survey of immunized school children in order to define the incidence of pertussis in relation to the acceptance rate of acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid (ACP-DT vaccine). The attack rate of the disease was 0.01-0.02% in children with a history of recommended doses of the vaccine. In unimmunized children, 6.43-6.52% had a history of pertussis. To confirm the efficacy of the vaccine, a prospective household contact study based on clinical findings was conducted. Of 37 unimmunized children, 30 developed clinically diagnosed pertussis, and of 39 fully immunized children only two contracted the disease. Because there was no cluster of pertussis cases, a difference in vaccine efficacy between products seemed unlikely. From 1984 to 1987, there were no cases of high fever, encephalopathy, shock or death attributable to mass immunization with the vaccine. Severe erythema and swelling of the inoculated arm to the wrist were observed in 16 children (3.06/100,000 doses) after the third dose or after the booster dose. The vaccines used for these 16 children were from different manufacturers. All cases recovered completely.